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Main Uddin is one of the pioneer blogger cum e-marketer from North East India(Assam).He is also a Skilled web Developer and regular columnist for various news portals around the globe.Read More

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Top 10 WordPress Related Errors For Bloggers and Entrepreneurs

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If you are a WordPress user who likes to get your hands dirty with the codes, or one who just loves installing plug-ins and changing themes, you’ll understand that encountering an error is an inevitable occurrence. WordPress users (like us) know how frustrating it is to stumble into an unexpected error and not be able to find a solution for it. Most WordPress problems are solvable; If you hit an error, don’t fret because chances are, some other WordPress user had the same problem and had already gotten it solved.


In today’s post, we take a look at some of the most common WordPress errors users have encountered, and share with you the solutions to fix those problems or make them go away. We hope this will comes in handy for you – happy WordPressing!

1. Lost Admin Password & Email Retrieval Is Not Functioning

The problem:

You lost your WordPress admin password, and have tried to enter your username or email address in the “Lost your password?” page but failed to receive any link to create a new password via email.


Here are 2 simple solutions to reset your WordPress admin password.
Solution 1: phpMyAdmin
Login cPanel, click on phpMyAdmin under Databases.

Select your WordPress database. For example: Username_wrdp1.
Go to wp_users, click on Browse.

Look for your Username and click Edit.

Reset your password by inserting a new value into user_pass. Remember, it is case-sensitive.

Once you completed this, click the dropdown menu under Function, and choose MD5 from the menu.
At the bottom of the page, click the Go button.
Solution 2: Via FTP
Login your FTP account.
Go to “../wp-content/themes/(your active theme)/”, download thefunctions.php file.

Open functions.php and add the code below right after the first <?php:

wp_set_password('YourNewPassword',1);

Replace YourNewPassword with your desired new password. The “1” in the script is the user ID number in the wp_users table.
Upload the edited functions.php file to your FTP.
Remove the code and upload to your FTP after you’re able to login WordPress.
2. WordPress admin dashboard is not displaying properly

The problem:

The WordPress admin dashboard is displaying without CSS. All the links are not arranged properly.

Solution 1: Proxy & Firewall

Check if your Internet connection is behind a proxy connection or firewall. Some of these tools are blocking CSS files making CSS files to not load properly. Try to clear your proxy or firewall cookies and cache, and press Ctrl + F5 to refresh your page.
Solution 2: Upgrade WordPress Plugins

If you have any WordPress plugins installed for the admin menu such as ‘Admin Drop Down Menu’ plugin or ‘Lighter Menus’ plugin, upgrade it. If it doesn’t work, try to deactivate it.
3. Warning: Cannot modify header information – headers already sent by

The problem:

You receive an error message on your browser “Warning: Cannot modify header information – headers already sent by (output started at /path/blog/wp-config.php:34)” right after upgrading your WordPress or a new WordPress installation.
Solution: Remove spaces, new lines, or other garbage in wp-config.php
Download wp-config.php via FTP.
Open wp-config.php.
Remove all spaces before <?php.
Make sure the first characters are <?php, placed at the first line with no space in between.

Remove all spaces after ?>
Make sure the last characters are ?>, placed at the last line with no space in between.


This error could happen on other files too. Read the error message carefully as it states the specific file name where the error occurred.
4. WordPress blog and admin Is showing blank page

The problem:

This error normally happens right after a new WordPress Themes installation or WordPress upgrade. The entire blog is showing a blank page; so is the WordPress admin login page. There’s no way to access the dashboard.

Solution 1: Rename current installed theme folder via FTP

Renaming the currently installed theme folder via FTP can force WordPress to choose the default theme to be put into service and you’re able to access WordPress wp-admin after that.
Navigate to the wp-contents/themes directory via FTP.

Rename current installed theme folder. For example: “twentytwenty” to “twentytwenty-temp”.

Login to your WordPress wp-admin.
Check if your theme is compatible with your version of WordPress.
Check if your theme contains coding which can’t be executed.
Solution 2: Reset plugin folder via FTP
Navigate to the wp-contents directory via FTP.
Rename plugins folder to “plugins-temp”.

Create a new folder called “plugins” at wp-contents.
Try to login to your WordPress wp-admin.
Move your plugin from “plugins-temp” to “plugin” and activate them one by one.
Check if any plugin is not compatible with your version of WordPress.
5. Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 33554432 bytes exhausted

The problem:

Receive “Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 33554432 bytes exhausted” when try to upload an image with medium file size. To solve this error, try to increase the memory allocated to PHP. You can set the limit to 32MB, 64MB, 128MB or 256MB. It depends on your host.
Solution 1: Edit PHP.ini

If you’re still allowed to edit your PHP.inifile, update your memory_limit in PHP.ini by modifying the below line

memory_limit = 64M ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (64MB)

If the line is showing 64M in default, try 128M.
Solution 2: Edit .htaccess file

Add the script below to your .htaccess file.

php_value memory_limit 64M
Solution 3: Edit wp-config.php file

Add the script below to your wp-config.php file

Increasing memory allocated to PHP define('WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '64M');
Solution 4: Create a PHP.ini file to wp-admin folder
Open Notepad.
Insert the following code into Notepad.memory_limit = 64M ;
Save as “PHP.ini”.
Upload this file to “wp-admin” directory.
6. You are not authorized to view this page (403 error)

The problem:

You receive an error message “You are not authorized to view this page. (403 error)” after inserting the username and password in the WordPress admin login page.

Solution: Enable Index.php

If your blog is hosted on a Windows server, this could be an error with Directory Indexes.
Login to the Control Panel.
Click on Web Options.
Go to Directory Indexes section.
Add index.php to the Directory Indexes.
7. Fatal error undefined function is_network_admin()

The problem:

You receive “Fatal error undefined function is_network_admin()” when you login to WordPress admin after updating WordPress.
Solution: Manual Update

This error is caused by a fail WordPress version upgrade. Try a manual update.
Download the latest WordPress zip file and unzip it.
Back up your WordPress.
Rename wp-includes and wp-admin directories to wp-includes.bak andwp-admin.bak.
Upload the wp-includesand wp-admin directories from unzipped folder to your web host via FTP.
Upload files from new wp-content to your existing wp-content folder. Replace and overwrite existing files.
Upload the new version of the rest of files from the root directory to your existing WordPress root directory.
Remove .maintenance at your WordPress directory via FTP.
Login to WordPress admin and you will be given a link to URL like “http://domain.com/wordpress/wp-admin/upgrade.php”. Follow the link and instructions.
Clear your cache to see the changes if you have caching enabled.

For more details about WordPress manual update, read http://codex.wordpress.org/Updating_WordPress#Manual_Update.
8. WordPress Admin Login 404 Issue

The problem:

You’re not able to login to WordPress admin. You receive a 404 error page instead.
Solution 1: Update the URL in database

If you’re able to access phpMyAdmin, try to update the URL in the database.
Login cPanel, click on phpMyAdmin under Databases.

Select your WordPress database. For example: Username_wrdp1.
Go to wp_options, click on Browse.

Search for siteurl under the field option_name.
Click on Edit Field.

Change the URL in the input box of option_value.

At the bottom of page, click the Go button.
Solution 2: Update Folder Attributes
Go to “/wp-admin” directory via FTP.
Right click on wp-admin directory and click on File Attributes.
Update the value to 755 and check Recurse into subdirectories if there’s an option.

Click OK.
Repeat step 1 to step 4 for /wp-content and wp-includes.
Open your web browser and try to login to WordPress admin. Press Ctrl + F5 to clear cache.
9. “Briefly unavailable for scheduled maintenance” message remainins after an automatic upgrade

The problem:

Your WordPress site is showing “Briefly unavailable for scheduled maintenance” after an automatic upgrade has completed.

Solution: Remove .maintenance file

A file named .maintenance is placed by WordPress during an automatic upgrade to notify visitors that the site in under a short maintenance. If an upgrade fails or is corrupted, the file will remain in the WordPress folder and won’t get deleted.

To remove .maintenance file,
Access your blog root directory via FTP.
Locate the file .maintenance.

Remove the .maintenance file from the blog root directory.

Once you solve this problem, you may want to run the WordPress automatic upgrade again.
10. Can’t delete a plugin

The problem:

You’re not able to delete a plugin in WordPress admin. It still appears even after you have deleted the directory via FTP.
Solution: Delete plugin via Secure Shell (SSH)

Your plugin might had uploaded some hidden/nested files inside the plugin directory which didn’t appear in FTP.

If you have SSH access to your blog,
Login your site via SSH.
Use SSH commands to nagivate “../wp-content/plugins/”.
Use ls -al to see the full list of folders.

Delete the particular plugin folder with rm (Folder Name).

Have comments you want to share abou the errors and solutions above? Share them below.
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Top 10+ SuperPowers of Marketing and Blogging for 2014

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The internet has changed how businesses approach sales and the vast majority now prefer to generate leads and sales through inbound marketing, rather than the more direct, pushy approach which is often off-putting to the buyer. In fact, a whopping 93% of companies now use inbound techniques to increase traffic, which of course turns into leads and eventually, sales. This relies heavily on content, SEO and digital marketing activities that ensure that the customer feels that they found you/your product, rather than direct selling.

Top 10+ SuperPowers of Marketing and Blogging for 2014


However, whilst many companies use inbound marketing techniques, not all get it right, so today we’ll be looking at the most effective techniques to ensure inbound success.

1) Ability to Create Content While Sleeping

While it's certainly been overused, the old saying is still very true - Content is King.

Every time Google shifts the way it ranks websites, great content becomes even more important when it comes to increasing your traffic. That’s a trend that’s sure to continue.
However, it's not just about getting more people to visit your website, even though that's how it started out in the beginning. It didn't take long for inbound marketers to realize that website traffic doesn't really mean much without the type of visitor engagement that converts those visitors into customers. That type of content doesn't create itself, which is why inbound marketers specialize in creating content in their sleep.
Inbound marketers face a never-ending demand for great content, so they never take a break; even waking up with one awesome idea after another.

2) A Torrid Love Affair With Analytics

Inbound marketers can never get enough of the facts and figures that go along with analytics. They're constantly running through the data in their minds, and coming up with new keyword combinations that will give their websites better results. With all of these calculations and the tools that are available to help them find out which elements work the best to improve their rankings, their infatuation results in a torrid love affair.
The challenge comes with knowing which types of analytics will improve their bottom lines the most, and with the sea of data that's available to them, they must maintain a close relationship with these figures in order to ensure good results.
Gaining this superpower is not impossible, it just takes time with the numbers. Dive right in muck around for a bit... Don’t worry, you can’t break the internet. The more time you spend with these numbers, the more the meanings will become clear.

3) The Ability to See a Blog Post Lurking Anywhere

In addition to creating great content for the static pages of a business website, inbound marketers have to be able to consistently create awesome blog posts.
Blogging has become an essential part of a good inbound marketing campaign, but what happens when there's just nothing else to say about a specific subject or set of keywords? For an inbound marketer, this is never a problem.

Why? Simply because of their ability to find a potential blog post lurking anywhere.

Honestly, everything is fair game. From that burned pancake to a TED talk they listened to on a jog -- everything can turn into an inbound marketing story, image, or idea.
The only way to gain this power is to do it. This talk tells you how to be a god in this arena. It’s not clear if it’s better to be a “god” or have a superpower, but either way you’ll be much better at blogging if you blog every day.
4) The Ability to Match Pictures to Text

1 jpg > 1K words.

The original non-mathy version of that saying might be an old one, but it's never been truer than it is today.
People want their content to be presented to them in ways that are easy to digest, and pictures help in every way.
It takes a great deal of skill to be able to pick out a picture that will accurately get your message across, and excellent inbound marketers seem to have a knack for doing just that. Their pictures evoke emotions, spark curiosity, and provide the necessary platform for engagement that they need in creating successful content.
In fact, according to a report, "40 percent of people will respond better to visual information than plain text." The proof is in the fact that inbound marketers have seen a tremendous increase in the growth of their clients' businesses once they started using the right images.

6) Ability to Become "Besties" with a Website

That might sound a little bit crazy, but it's true. For an inbound marketer, websites are their best friends for quite a few reasons.

Consider:
You may not talk to your best friend every day, but you visit with your site every day.
You tell your best friend all the good stuff, but you share that and more with your website readers. That’s why “transparency” is such a big deal these days, right?
You can fight with your best friend, but nobody else gets to say anything bad about your friend or there’ll be trouble. Same goes here: You can fight with your site to get the headers just right, or whatever, but if anyone else bad-mouths your site you’ll defend it vigorously.
Your best friend is there for you when it counts, as is your site, which is the single best way to get customers in the door whenever the internet switch is turned on.

6) No Fear in expression

In the business world, it seems as though most professionals try to keep their interactions with others as professional as possible. However, inbound marketing is different because it's all about creating a persona for a business that their customers will be able to identify with.
A good inbound marketer isn't afraid to grow their relationship with their clients because the more they learn about those businesses, the easier it is to create a website that reflects the owner's personality. Just like in social media, people long to engage with a business when they're visiting a website.
Those opportunities for engagement happen because someone took the time to create a site that adequately reflects the business owners themselves. It's the personal touch that people respond to, and a good inbound marketing professional does it well.

7) Knowing the Mood on the Street

You ever watch the news and see an anchor at a desk looking into a TV set at a reporter in some far-flung place? Seems like the question they always ask is: “What’s the mood on the street there in Springfield?” (Or wherever.)
They should ask an inbound marketer.
People who are great at inbound marketing are great at seeing signs and hidden meanings in everything. "People seem more friendly and talkative today," they think, and then act on that hunch. They make today the day to launch a new theme in the social media networks or blogs.
The ability to sense social trends and create marketing strategies at pivotal points can be very handy and sometimes seems to border on predicting the future!

8) The Ability to Read Minds

It is the job of an inboun marketer to know what we want, before we even know what want.
Being a psychic could help with this. But more likely, good inbound marketers are good listeners.
They are able to listen to their audience, listen to the data, and listen to themselves. When still and quiet, they can synthesize the information and then predict where the trends are going, what the market is doing, and what will be the next hottest thing.
While it may seem to be in the realm of the paranormal, it’s really just good listening skills.

9) Keywords Come Easy

In the beginning of every inbound marketer's career, it's essential to spend a great deal of time researching the various tools that are out there to determine how to find the right keywords for their clients or for their own site.
Of course, since Google is the main search engine out there, the Google Adwords Keywords Tool is probably the best one to start with.
Even so, understanding the right way to use this tool, and knowing how to choose right keywords from the lists of available options takes a little bit of finesse. After a while, an inbound marketer might become a specialist in this niche or that industry, and they've put together marketing campaigns for the same types of clients over and over again.
Once that happens, and even once they've gained some experience in the industry in general, keyword selection just comes easy.

10) Incredible Navigation Skills (i.e. Knowing a Website Like the Back of Your Hand)

There's nothing worse than going to a website only to find that it's nearly impossible to navigate. You do a Google search for your keywords, and you choose a site that's near the top of your list of results, just like anyone does.
Once you get there, you can't find a list of products, or a link to the contact page. It takes some major searching to navigate the page, and it isn't long before you give up and go back to that original list of site options.
The fact is, if a site isn't easy to navigate well, people will move on to one that is. When it comes to inbound marketing, they understand the need to create websites that are simple to understand, with prominent links and buttons that are easy to find. It's all a part of knowing how to maintain your website visitors, and keep them happy enough to convert to customers.

11) Ability to Attract Leads

The purpose behind an awesome business website is to generate leads. People love free stuff, and for an inbound marketer, they know how to get the free stuff out there in a way that will give them the information they need to develop leads for their clients. It's all about knowing how to create a call-to-action that people simply cannot resist.

A fancy button on website's homepage that offers "6 Secrets to Grow Your Business" in the form of a white paper, or another link that allows a visitor to sign up for a "Free Webinar on Writing Killer Blog Post Headlines.”
Inbound marketers not only know how to place these buttons and links, but they're also great at knowing which free stuff is going to get the most responses.

12) Magical Ability to Turn Visitors into Leads

While nurturing leads was once strictly the province of sales, we are now in an era of smarketing, where sales and marketing meet.
The numbers don’t lie. More visitors interested in your site becomes more leads, more leads into more sales.
So the weird skill here is only weird from the outside. It looks like pictures on the site, the messaging, the calls to action and much more keep changing, and they do, but it keeps changing in service of finding the perfect combination that will get visitors turned into leads.
Remember, part of that superpower is getting more comfortable with numbers.

Society is becoming more and more quantified, and people also love seeing numbers and how it affects them. Correlating these real life studies and numbers into their marketing strategies is a great skill.
Consider, which of these two headlines would you be more interested in?

a) New Data Analytics Results Show Best Method For Increasing Clicks
or
b) Some Thoughts That I Have About How To Increase Clicks

Now, you have to actually have that data and be willing to share it, but if you do have it you then need to be able to translate it.
A great inbound marketer knows that the numbers aren’t just numbers, they represent real people taking real actions. That’s a great superpower that you can have with a bit of time and practice.

13) Ability to Draw on an Unending Pool of Resources

If the Avengers movie teaches us anything, it’s that superheroes do need to help each other.
Being able to provide a customer with what they need, or knowing where to go in order to obtain it quickly is one skill that every inbound marketing professional excels at.
Every customer is different, and where one business might benefit from having a website that's filled with excellent blog posts and a few well-placed white papers, another may have customers who are hungry for infographics.
Knowing how to determine what a site needs, and what the customers want is only part of the challenge. Knowing where to get these resources, or how to develop them and make them available as quickly as possible is hard for most, but it’s a weird skill that all great inbound marketers share.

14) Understanding the Power of Words

Words are powerful, and no one understands this as well as someone who specializes in inbound marketing.
According to an article on the CopyBlogger website, "On average, 8 out of 10 people will read headline copy, but only 2 out of 10 will read the rest.
Inbound marketers get that, and so they carefully craft each headline, and then craft the post to live up to the headline.
If you think about the Google searches you've conducted yourself, it's pretty easy to identify which articles catch your attention, and which ones don't. Take this article title for example. It becomes a different article altogether if you take out the word "Weird" doesn't it?

If you came across this article because of a Google search, would you even look at it if there wasn't something "weird" about it? Our guess is, probably not. Inbound marketers study the effectiveness of words, and they're good at knowing which ones will entice a reader to delve into the article, and which ones won't.
Great marketers, by the way, aren’t always great at everything and they may not be that great at actually writing the posts. They know, however, that they can hire a blog writing service to do the job for them.

15) Knows How to Juggle

No, not juggle time or tasks. Juggle, for real.
You might be surprised. Ask an inbound marketer if he or she can juggle and you might be surprised how many “yes!” answers you get. True, this is a “busker” power more than a superpower, but you get the idea: Inbound marketers are smart, and they know that juggling improves the connections between neurons.

And even if the inbound marketer doesn’t actually know how to toss chainsaws around, he or she knows how to do several things at once, like being an astronaut and singing David Bowie songs. Research, social media, blogging (or hiring a blog writing service), strategizing, learning -- all inbound marketers need to do all this every day. Sounds a lot like juggling.

Final words:

However, the 15 tips we’ve covered here are the most important, especially the research and planning stage which should also be an ongoing and fluid process. It may be difficult at first to properly identify your target audience, but again, analytics will help you to refine this process and should be used for the site and social media for the best results.
Email marketing also shouldn’t be discounted as it’s still very effective and gives an opportunity as a further distribution point for your content. The latter should also always be the best that it can be if you really want to compete, so don’t skimp on the budget like many businesses do – the ROI on cracking content can be substantial. [ A few data are collected from Scott Yates, Donna Moritz and Kerry Butters]
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A Digital Ethnography: View of Online content moderation and the Dark Web

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This essay is an early ethnographic exploration of the Dark Web Social Network (DWSN), a social networking site only accessible to Web browsers equipped with The Onion Router. The central claim of this essay is that the DWSN is an experiment in power/freedom, an attempt to simultaneously trace, deploy, and overcome the historical conditions in which it finds itself: the generic constraints and affordances of social networking as they have been developed over the past decade by Facebook and Twitter, and the ideological constraints and affordances of public perceptions of the dark web, which hold that the dark web is useful for both taboo activities and freedom from state oppression. I trace the DWSN’s experiment with power/freedom through three practices: anonymous/social networking, the banning of child pornography, and the productive aspects of techno-elitism. I then use these practices to specify particular forms of power/freedom on the DWSN. 

Recently, published a blog post on THE DARK WEB LIST  says that anonymity is produced by disassociating a user from the content they are trying to view. The entry node might record Alice’s IP address, but it does not know the final destination of the query. The exit node might know the content that is being requested (or, minimally, the address of the site hosting the content), but not who initiated the query. While attacks on the Tor network can sometimes de-anonymize blocks of traffic (A. Johnson, et al., 2013), the system is generally robust anonymity and censorship circumvention tool with wide appeal, especially for those engaging in illegal conduct, the privacy-conscious and individuals in repressive political regimes. 

ark web ethnographic method
Because this is an ethnography of a dark web SNS, there were several methodological challenges. The dark web is different from the “clear web” in important ways. The dark web is part of the Internet that cannot be accessed by mainstream software.1 It includes hidden sites that end in “.onion” or “.i2p” or other Top-Level Domain names only available through modified browsers or special software. Accessing I2P sites requires a special routing program. Accessing non-mainstream Top-Level Domains through OpenNIC requires the user to change the DNS server addresses on his or her router. Accessing .onion sites require Tor (for a tutorial on Tor and .onions, see Hoffman (2012)).

Moreover, those who run dark websites that end in .onion are able to hide their identities and locations from most, if not all, Internet users (Dingledine et al., 2004). In most cases, a visitor to a .onion site will not know the identity of the host, nor will the host know the identity of the visitor. This is very different from the mainstream Internet, where sites are often associated with a company or location (e.g. google.com is associated with the company headquartered in Mountain View, CA), and visitors are often identified and monitored through sundry tracking technologies such as cookies, account registrations, Flash cookies, IP addresses, and geolocation.

Although these technical conditions are challenging for ethnography, they are not unique in the ethnographic literature. In doing a participant observation of the DWSN, I followed the example of anthropologist Tom Boellstorff’s (2008) ethnography of Second Life. Boellstorff takes Second Life on its own terms; he avoids linking Second Life avatars to their “real-world” counterparts in order to focus on day-to-day life in that virtual world. He treats Second Life as its own space, with its own rules and culture, rather than as articulated with the “real world” outside of the virtual. This is a methodological choice of Boellstorff’s (Winnick, 2008), as opposed to the work of, for example, Danah boyd (in press), who studies social media users both online and offline.

For me, however, I have no choice but to study the DWSN on its own terms. I cannot link DWSN avatars to their flesh-and-blood counterparts even if I wanted to. This is for the technical reasons I mention above, but also due to the culture of the DWSN. According to the DWSN privacy policy, “In order to protect everyone’s privacy, you have to protect yourself. You can do this by not giving out any personal information. No personal emails. No real names. No specific location information.” Due to this, I did not seek to learn any personal information from DWSN members (including name, age, gender, location). Moreover, due to an agreement I made with the members of the DWSN that I spoke to, all user pseudonyms have been made into new pseudonyms (i.e. “an admin” and “a member”). I did receive an exemption for this study from my university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). Most of this material is taken from public parts of the DWSN (“public” insofar as they are accessible with Tor and a DWSN account), with some material drawn from one-on-one interviews conducted through private messaging. These interviews were preceded with informed consent notices. In all cases, in keeping with my university’s IRB standards, I offered to reveal my identity to those I interviewed, but (in keeping with the strictly anonymous character of the DWSN) my identity was refused. However, I also provided a draft of this essay to the DWSN administrators I spoke to and have revised according to their feedback (call it another round of blind peer review).

Thus, just as Boellstorff did with Second Life, I focused on how DWSN members interact within the site and how the site is structured. In this sense, I paid attention to the governance and interaction dynamics of the site in much the same manner as Geert Lovink’s (2003) analyses of the Amsterdam Digital City and nettime (but without any offline contact with DWSN members). That is, I engaged in participant observation, focusing on the intersection between site architecture (Davis, 2010; Star, 1999) and member actions in the vein of digital ethnography as explicated by Gabriella Coleman (2010), paying attention to “various frames of analysis, … history, and the local contexts and lived experiences of digital media” (p. 488).

Power/freedom: lenses to see in the dark (web)
Although the strict anonymity of the DWSN narrowed the scope of my work (in that I could not talk to DWSN members offline), an ethnography of any SNS must also be focused. Despite being less accessible than “clear web” SNSs such as Facebook or Twitter, the DWSN has shown evidence of growth since its founding in 2013. During my observation of the site over a period of 10 months, the DWSN’s number of accounts grew from 3000 to over 24,000, with over 170 groups, hundreds of blog posts, and tens of thousands of micro-blog posts. Although these are not numbers on the scale of Facebook or Twitter, they are impressive, given that finding the DWSN is not a simple matter of Googling for it. More to the point, it would be impossible to observe or speak with thousands of people.

To focus my study, I sought lenses (or “categories,” as Koopman and Matza (2013) would call them) with which to illuminate activities on the DWSN. The two I use are power and freedom. These lenses, I should stress, are not free-floating concepts that I will simply grab from a theoretician and then “apply” to the DWSN. These lenses come from the context in which the DWSN emerges: the “media ideology” (Gershon, 2010) of the dark web, specifically as this ideology appears in journalistic coverage. This coverage forms part of the historical context the DWSN finds itself operating in, and thus, journalists’ articulation of “power” and “freedom” informs the experiments with power/freedom I explore in the DWSN below.

I see two main threads in news reporting about the dark web, with one dominant and the other less dominant but quite prevalent. First, there is the conception of the dark web as entirely composed of illegal or taboo activities and in need of policing. Second, there is the idea that the dark web can preserve a valued liberal freedom: freedom of speech. Thus, what appears in this media ideology is a “reciprocal and incompatible” (Foucault, 2006: 529; Koopman, 2013: 163) relationship between power and freedom.

The popular media coverage of the dark web is redolent of moral panics that have been associated with Internet culture over the past 35 years, such as the panic about computer hackers and phone phreaks in the 1980s (resulting in the arrest of many young computer users); the US Congress’ Communications Decency Act of 1996, brought on by moral panic about pornography on the Web; and the US Congress Deleting Online Predators Act of 2006, inspired by moral panics over pedophiles on Myspace. Especially since the media coverage of the Silk Road drug market bust and the Freedom Hosting child pornography (CP) bust, both in 2013 (Borland, 2013), the dark web is currently inspiring similar panics centering on fears of CP, the drug and gun trade, and killers for hire.

One Sun headline is a series of adjectives that bind the dark web with CP: “Child sex dark web targeted” (Wooding, 2013). A reporter for The Age notes the dark web is “where pornographic images to satisfy the most depraved tastes can be downloaded” (Ormsby, 2012). The dark web is “a hub for black markets that sell or distribute drugs” (Pagliery, 2014). Gizmodo profiled the dark web gun store The Armory, asking “Could a band of anonymous weapon mongers prepare me and 19 imaginary compatriots for illegal warfare? If you’ve got a spare million or so, it looks like the answer is yes” (Biddle, 2012). The Daily Mail calls Tor a “seething matrix of encrypted websites” where one could hire hitmen for US$10,000. “So for those looking to bump off a difficult acquaintance, all they have to do is enter the Deep Web—known also as the ‘Dark Web’ or the ‘Undernet’—and search ‘hitman for hire’” (Mail Online, 2013). Implicit throughout this coverage is a call for more policing of the dark web (e.g. Biddle, 2012; Bingham, 2013; Gillespie, 2013; Henry, 2013; Murad and Hines, 2012).

Despite this dominant idea of the dark web as only useful to pedophiles, assassins, and junkies, recently more Internet users have started to use Tor and even hidden .onion sites (see Figure 1). This rise has been attributed in part to Edward Snowden’s revelations about the National Security Agency (NSA) and General Communication Headquarters (GCHQ) surveillance of the Internet (Borland, 2013). For privacy purposes, this is a positive development; more Tor users means more traffic and thus more obfuscation of user identities (Dingledine et al., 2004). This ties in with a secondary thread in popular coverage of the dark web: its affordances for journalists, activists, and whistleblowers who want to speak freely, despite state monitoring of the Internet. Many of the above-cited stories note that anonymizing software such as Tor can benefit anyone who wants to dissociate speech from identity, including political dissidents (e.g. Pagliery, 2014). As National Public Radio reported,

Tor’s executive director is working with victims of domestic abuse who need to communicate without being tracked by their abusers. Tor is also used by Chinese dissidents who can’t access sites like Twitter. And it became a valuable tool during the Arab Spring. (Rath, 2014)

Conclusion: DWSN as an experiment with power/freedom
What do we make of these power/freedom tensions on the DWSN? As Foucault argues in “What is Enlightenment?,” critique “is a historical investigation into the events that have led us to constitute ourselves and to recognize ourselves as subjects of what we are doing, thinking, saying” (Foucault, 1984: 45). Moreover, he argues, such a critique must be about experimenting with such historically imposed limitations. The members and administrators of the DWSN are doing this critical work—tracing, deploying, and working against both the historical limits of mainstream social networking and the historical limits of the media ideology of the dark web. They know the dark web is seen in popular culture as only used by drug traders and child pornographers. They also know that mainstream social media—a “safe” space on the clear web—presents the problems of surveillance and the commodification of personal data. To experiment with both historical conditions, the DWSN is reverse engineering (Gehl, 2014) the functionality and cultural practices of sites such as Facebook and Twitter and porting these functions onto the dark web.

The DWSN is building a dark web space that is productive in two senses. First is the “be the media” sense of mainstream social media sites: the now-classic narrative about social media is that the user is in control and that all of us are “producers” making our own culture through digital creativity (e.g. Bruns, 2008). However, the DWSN is also bringing software- and culturally developed social media restrictions to the dark web. In other words, it is porting in the standards of social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter: centralization, surveillance, prohibitions on actions, and the channeling user activity to algorithmic and interface-driven ends. Both of these interact in the heterogeneous assemblage, that is, the DWSN.

This brings me to DWSN’s specific assemblage of power/freedom. I am mindful of Foucault’s (2008: 186) call to specify and concretize categories such as power and freedom, echoed by Coleman’s (2010) call to “localize” and specify digital media (p. 489). Both Foucault and Coleman recommend empirical methods (i.e. genealogy, ethnography) to trace contexts and assemblages and avoid narrowing of any object qua universalizing it (see also Koopman, 2013).

In this vein, I would offer that the specific, concrete power/freedom practices of the DWSN center on practices of anonymity and infrastructure. Although at first glance anonymity might simply appear to be a form of freedom and infrastructure simply a form of power, they are reciprocal and incompatible in that each contains elements of each. That is, there are moments we can speak of “anonymity-power”: for example, the disciplinary admonitions to be anonymous on the DWSN, as well as the advantages of using a pseudonym to administer a site. We can also speak of “infrastructural-freedom”: the mix of the infrastructure of existing .onion hidden services as well as open-source social media software packages to allow for a complex form of dark web communication and social expression that cannot exist on the “clear web.” Moreover, this form of infrastructure-freedom is available to all who learn how to navigate it; it is a freedom that comes from the technical skill needed to find the DWSN.

We can of course speak of anonymity-freedom: the use of anonymous communication to explore ideas that are marginalized in more mainstream contexts, including proverbial “third rail” issues like suicide, violent political change, or pedophilia. As one DWSN member told me, if “I want to talk about things illegal in my country or report some abuse I can without fear of retaliation. This is it. Nothing exceptional.” And we can speak of infrastructure-power: after all, the administrators can delete posts or accounts with relative impunity due to the centralization of the DWSN (I have witnessed this many times).

I see the DWSN as an experiment with power and freedom through anonymity and infrastructure, an experiment of going beyond historically imposed limits. In terms of social networking, the anonymous elements of the DWSN are a far cry from what we now would recognize as mainstream social media, which involves real-world identities increasingly linked to consumer preferences and nonpolitical control (Gehl, 2013). Rather, the DWSN is not-for-profit and thus is not interested in producing its members as niche audiences to be sold to marketers. Moreover, the DWSN appears to be—although I cannot ever say for certain—virulently dedicated to protecting members against law enforcement and state power, something that cannot be said of Facebook, which after all has patented a means to hand user data over to governments (United States Patent, 2013).

Additionally, the DWSN is also dedicated to fighting the dominant conception of the dark web as a place that only the vilest among us want to be. Rather than fleeing the ever-supervised, ever-controlled Internet to some hidden, carefree corner where total anonymous freedom takes control, the DWSN shapes internal discourses in order to develop itself as (as its About page puts it) “a safe and moderated environment for the productive exchange of information.” This is not a free-for-all, but neither is it space where everything is controlled and thus happy (as Facebook seemingly wants to be).

The point is power and freedom always operate on one another. To challenge surveillance power as found incorporate social media and in state surveillance agencies and to challenge the ideology of an anything-goes dark web, the DWSN deploys an assemblage of anonymity and infrastructure to create an experimental “space-time” beyond the historical conditions it finds itself in (Deleuze, 1995: 172). Power and freedom “must be deployed simultaneously so that we can work within the internal tensions of their relationships” (Koopman, 2013: 169). To transform one, we have to transform the other in experiments. Such “experimental freedom perhaps does not make for good cinema on the blockbuster model. But it does make and may make further, for good practices of freedom” (Koopman, 2013: 174). The quiet, hidden, clear web-leery DWSN is just such an experiment, one that its members and administrators are always tinkering with—sometimes well, sometimes poorly, and never with guarantees. As Wendy Chun (2006) argues in Control and Freedom, “From our position of vulnerability, we must seize freedom that always moves beyond our control, that carries with it no guarantees but rather constantly engenders decisions to be made and actions to perform” (p. 30).

This active curation/moderation process is coming off an increasingly routine (non-linear or deterministic) cycle of content production moderation-displacement and percolation (see Figure 1). In this cycle, surface Web platforms often act as an initial host for potentially false, hateful, or otherwise malicious content. The platform hosting the content can then move to limit the information through a variety of strategies such as delisting, demonetization, account bans, and de-hosting, among others. Often, while this content might migrate via so-called “hate highways” to other surface Web platforms (N.F. Johnson, et al., 2019) or in the short run be simply reposted on the same site, much of the most heavily moderated content eventually moves to the Dark Web in a process of displacement. Lastly, many of the ideas preserved and fostered in this distributed and anonymous environment then percolate back up to the surface Web, potentially starting the cycle anew. Small vignettes can illustrate the stages of this process.

In short, from an informational perspective, the surface Web and the Dark Web exist as an interconnected whole. Content moderation efforts on the surface Web are at best partial, with the Dark Web providing an alternative core from which malicious content producers and consumers can continue their routine. Working to correct for society’s growing information problem requires attention to the whole system, not just the happenings on the major surface Web hubs.

Notes
1.The “dark web” is also often referred to as the “deep web,” but journalists and technologists who discuss the dark web take pains to distinguish the two. The “deep web” is defined as all the material online that commercial search engines such as Google and Bing cannot access (Bergman, 2001). This includes databases, the information behind login barriers, and automatically generated content that only appears online for brief periods. This content is not indexed by search engines, but it still can be reached with a standard browser (e.g. a stock installation of Firefox). This is distinct from the “dark web,” which requires special software to access.

2. The specific form of power that journalists call for is not quite clear. It could be what Foucault called discipline, what Deleuze called control, what Lazzarato or Neidich called nonpower, or what Galloway called the protocol. Or it could take another shape, perhaps a mix of other forms across multiple national and local contexts. Tracing the specific contours of the assemblage of surveillance, manipulation, and punishment that would be needed to “clean up” the dark web is the subject of another study.

3. Although the administrators and members of the DWSN are wary of popular coverage of their social network, those that I spoke with were welcoming of my pursuing an academic publication. But because of their concern about “clear web” coverage, I ultimately decided to keep the real name of the site redacted.
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Instant Review factors of a Website with Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Importance

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There are millions of websites world wide and the number is increasing day by day with millions. Website reviewing process was started in last decade of previous century. As a marketing and SEO consultant, I have listed a few factors and steps those are being carried out for consulted and getting excellent performance according to our clients.

Instant Review factors of a Website with Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Importance


Sadaf Sadiqiue: our only son 2+ Years practicing SEO for web review

Website Review Step 1: On-page factors

1. Search Engine Optimization: "SEO" is the optimization of content within the website, not marketing outside the website. Normally, it is called on-page seo.
2. Google PageRank: PageRank is Google's view of the importance of the page.  Generally, the higher the PageRank the higher the page will show in Search Engine Results.
3. validator.w3.org:  This indicates whether the site meets current Html standards.  Meeting the standards has a positive influence on the SEO of the site.
4. websitegrader: Receive an overall grade 0-100
5. Page Title: It is the #1 keyword area of the page.  The Page Title should be unique for each page, and be keyword rich for the content on that page.
6. Meta Description: Google will cut off anything more than 155(roughly) characters. Try to limit its length to 25-30 words. Also try to use no more than two sentences.  Every page should have a unique Meta Description
7. Perma-links: Perma-links are keywords in the URL of the page.  Keywords in the URL is very important in the SEO of each page.
8. H1, H2, H3 Tags: It is the #2 keyword area of the page.  There should only be one H1 tag on each page.  Try to organize the content of your page by using Heading Titles. To give an idea of how important Heading titles are, think of an H1 Heading Title as being 20 times more important than paragraph text. Think of H2 as being 15 times for important than paragraph text.
9. "Alt" text on image: This is needed to meet Web Standards and for good SEO.  Hover your mouse over images.  If you don't see a small text box displayed, the image does not have Alt text. As "they" say, a picture is worth a 1,000 words, so chose your Alt Text words carefully, and make sure they support the keywords being used to optimize the page.
10. Wiki-izing: When you have a keyword phrase on one page that can be linked to another page.  This improves the SEO for the page you are linking to.  It is important the page you link to is optimized for that phrase that linked to it.
11. Social Networking Icons: This is great for SEO and lets visitors see comments from people other than the owner of the website.
12. Videos Inclusion: Google likes to refer traffic to "Content Rich" pages.  Embedded videos help the page to become Content Rich.  We recommend videos from YouTube.com or Vimeo.com.  Make sure to put keyword phrases in the title or meta description of you videos.
13. Outgoing Links: Too many outgoing links on your website will lower your Google PageRank
14. Flash Websites: 100% flash websites traditionally have extremely poor SEO.  Their content cannot be indexed by Search Engines.  Avoid 100% flash websites, and navigation made from flash.
15. META Keywords: There is no need to add META Keywords to your website.  Google stopped using META Keywords years ago.  Please read this article,  http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/09/google-does-not-use-keywords-meta-tag.html
16. RSS feed subscription: It is better to place RSS subscription button with validate syndication.

Website Review Step-2: Design with SEO

A. Homepage layout Management review: 
Make sure only important information is on the homepage.  This is an index page to content within the site, so don't try to educate visitors, just quickly get them to their area of interested. Keep design simple, not cluttered.  The more content you need to display the less  graphical design you need on the page.
1. Use of homepage slideshow: Takes advantage of multiple messages in a very short period of time.
2. Use of images: Good for visitors and SEO.  Try to use images on all pages of the site.
3. Use of videos: Very good for the SEO of the website.  It's OK to use other peoples videos from youtube.com or vimeo.com, as long as you stand behind the message of the video.  Your website visitor is more interested in learning what you stand for .vs you having to be the person in the video.
B. Content Management Review:
1. Homepage call to action: You must tell your visitors what you want them to do, if you expect them to take action.
2. Secondary page call to action: 
3. Simple Navigation: Keeping all menus at the top of the page is the easiest for visitors to navigate. Try to use sub-menus that stay visible when you are in that section of the site.  If you have a need for many menus, you can use drop down menus.
4. Html website: Html websites are more difficult to maintain because you must go to your Webmaster to post content.  A good Content Management System "CMS" like www.site-ninja.com, allows you to easily add and optimize content. 
5. Crumb Menus: usually under the top level menu.  Used to show the visitor where they are in the site; (i.e. Home --> Services --> Service #1).  Crumb menus should be hyper-linked. Putting keywords in menus helps with SEO.
6. Landing Pages: Every Product and Service should have its own page, which is optimized.
7. Testimonials: Testimonials let your visitors hear other people promote you.  It is very important in the visitors decision to buy from you.  Text Testimonials are good.  Audio Testimonial are even better.
8. Blog: For good SEO results, you should have a blog within the domain of your website.  Product and Service pages are generally static.  It's the blog where search engines look for new content.
9. Opt In Emails: Find ways to collect Emails from your visitors.  Offer them something if they will Opt Into your Email list.  Make sure they know they can Opt Out at anytime.  If the visitor sees you are an authority in an area that benefits them, they will be interested in receiving occasional Emails from you.
10. Futurenowinc: Simple utility to see if you talk about yourself more than you customers
11. Abuse words grader: Utility to see if you abuse certain words
12. Content Rich pages: Google considers a page Content Rich if it has 300 words or more.
13. Footer Content: Google likes to see the following in the footer of all pages of your website, a) Terms b) Privacy c) Sitemap

Website review step-3: Search Engine Marketing (SEM)

SEM is the activity done outside the website, to promote the content within the site, and drive traffic to the site.

1. Introduction review:
The noun, review, means a report on something with the possibility of the writer's opinion (or opinion of a group). If you are to review a website, always know that you are reviewing the website and not the business of the website, although the nature of the business should be mentioned. In this article I explain the paragraphs that are necessary to write when reviewing a website. It is good to know if the website has a database or not. So, it is good for a website to be reviewed by a website designer. Website designer: make sure you do not use terms that are too technical in your review. The review of a website can also be done by an Internet enthusiast. The review is read by the ordinary person.

2. Introduce review:
The introductory paragraph should talk about the purpose of the website. You can always get information for this at the home page of the website. It should be more or less as long as the introduction of this article.

3. Agreement review:
Any decent website has terms of use. You read the terms of use from the website. In this paragraph in your review, you write the pertinent features of the use of the website or the company (organization). All of this should be one or two paragraphs.

4. Presentation of the Web Pages:
Here you say how the web pages present themselves (i.e. styling). You can talk about the layout in non-technical terms. For a good website the layout of all the pages are the same or similar. If there are any illustrative images or videos, you may mention them. You can talk about the overall color. To have a list of colors and their names contact me at, umain30@umain30.com . You can talk about the position of the titles in the pages - not page by page, generalize. Are the titles at the top-middle, top-left, top-right, bold or small? You can say a bit more about the home page here. You can talk about the content of the main pages here. The copyright information and when the site was last modified or published goes into this paragraph, as well. Note: this paragraph can be very subjective. Whatever is the case, you have to talk about the presentation (looks) of the pages in non-technical terms, in this paragraph.

5. Hyperlinks review:
They say the Internet would not exist if it were not for hyperlinks. You talk here about the important hyperlinks - their uses and where they are positioned in the pages - you generalize, you can pay more attention to the home page.

6. How to use the Website:
Use of the site involves the use of hyperlinks and forms. The use of the hyperlinks should have been mentioned in the above paragraph. So in this paragraph you talk about the use of the important Forms, and possibly what links to click to get to the forms. If you know the kind of feedback the user will get from a form you say it - you do not have to talk about confirmation (message sent) feedback unless it is absent. If you know whether it is automatic or manual feedback, you say it. For this paragraph it is good to know whether the site has a database or not. You say what kind of feedback is got from the database; is it stored data or an employee has to reply to a login page or by email. If you know if the reply will come as a web page you say it. If you know if the reply will come as email you say it. If you know when a feedback will come you say it. For this paragraph and the rest of the paragraphs of the review, you can get the information from the site (and nature of site and business) without logging in or contacting a personnel of the site. The aim of a website review is usually to promote a site. However, nothing stops you from writing a review criticizing the site (criticisms will not be assimilated well by the site owner, but nothing stops you from doing so independently).

7. Any Special Feature:
This paragraph is optional. In this paragraph, you talk about any special feature offered by the site. If the site has anything different from other sites, in terms of how the site runs its business or how the site is used, how the site is presented or any special service or good offered, you say it here as a special feature. Some people will prefer to place this paragraph just after the introduction of the review especially if they are reviewing for the Internet. Internet readers usually do not want to read much and many at times they do not read to the bottom of a post or article.

8. Business Success of the Site:
This paragraph is optional. You will hardly be able to know whether the site is doing good business, unless somehow the site owner gives you an account. You will hardly be able to know if the site is a scammer site, unless you are one of their accomplices. However, if you know if they are doing good business, say so here and say how they are doing it; in this case you should be sure of what you are saying. If you know the number of workers they have, you say it here. As I said, this paragraph is optional. However, if the site is the first of its kind and/or if the business is the first of its kind, you say so in this paragraph or in the "Any Special Feature" paragraph above. In this paragraph you say whether the site has competitors in the country of the site and/or all over the world - you can get this information just by searching the Internet. A small site is considered to have at least 1000 visitors a day; however, you may not be able to know this for the site. So, good business starts from 1000 visitors a day. It is not all the visitors who purchase or consume. In my opinion today, it is about one quarter of the visitors who purchase or consume. So, if you are promoting a site, you have to be very tactful with what you say on visitors. If you are not sure, do not say anything on visitors.

Final views from Author:
In the conclusion you talk a bit about all the paragraphs - say one sentence each for each paragraph without copying any sentence from the paragraphs. You may omit some sentences here, if you think they are not important. If you know anything about the site's future, you say so here. The conclusion must have a hyperlink to the website's home page. If the site is a very big site, then you will have to repeat much or all of the above for any sub-site of the site. In reviewing a site, you typically have one paragraph for each point. You can have more paragraphs for each point if you find that necessary; however, one per point is typical. The headings for the paragraphs in the review can be the ones above or similar. You can never be sure if all what you get from a site is true. You can never be sure for how long the site will exist or when the pages and terms of usage will be modified. So it is good to type an agreement or disclaimer at the end of the review like, "This review has been written to the best of my knowledge at the time of writing." The heading should be Agreement or Disclaimer depending on what exactly you write. Remember, in a review you can also type your opinion in paragraphs.
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Off page SEO and Social Media Marketing Report for consultant

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Recently I have got an offer from Radius Lab Private Limited for their venture Readnsurf, as they want to develop virtual world much presence for their website.They have 5 websites but only Book and evergreen topic related website (http://readnsurf.com) is given to us for improvement. It is mentioned that we had done on-page seo works for the site previously. That is for why , they have chosen us for off-page seo works. This article (report) carries the tasks list, those are needed to improve for a website visibility in SERP and getting targeted traffic either from search engine or social media. 
Project name: Off page SEO and Social  Media marketing Report
Project charge: $1000 per month [negotiable on basis of work distribution]
Starting Date: 1 April- 2014

Work distribution list:

1). Community Creation in Social Networking Sites:
Major social media websites profile creation and active conversation method with unique method. Such as 
Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Google+, Stumbleupon, delicious, diigo, friendfeed, bebo, myspace and a few more. [50+]
Working plan: 10 active members on each and every major social media site.
Indilens group: 8 members
Readnsurf group: 2 Members
2). Content marketing via Blogging
Writing unique content for your website daily minimum 1 for other website and publish 4 article on readnsurf.com like blog posting.
Working plan:
Indilens group: 1 article daily [ minimum 1000 words]
Readnsurf group: 4 articles daily [ minimum 500 words]

3). Forum Postings
Create unique profiles in high valued (PR) forums and go with interactive method minimum 25 real profiles daily and become active by giving replies and asking questions on them. Profile must bear targeted site link. by own or related members. Minimum 10 threads daily from each real account.
Working plan:
Indilens group: 15 working members 
Readnsurf group: 10 working members

4). Search Engine Submission
Submission to the most popular search engine manually [ no auto] minimum 50,000
Working plan:
Indilens group: 40000 manual search engine submission
Readnsurf group: 10000 manual search engine submission

5). Directory Submission
Submission to the topmost quality directories like DMOZ, Yahoo Directory, ZoomInfo, One Mission, Pegasus, etc.Minimum 150 reliable and trust worthy dirctories.
Working plan: 
Indilens group: 120 directories submission
Readnsurf group: 30 directories submission

6). Social Bookmarking
Submission to top social bookmarking in popular bookmarking sites like Digg, Delicious, StumbleUpon, Propeller, etc. Minimum 150 social bookmarking from 15 real and active accounts
Working plan: 
Indilens group: 100 bookmarking via 10 real accounts
Readnsurf group: 50 bookmarking via 10 real accounts

7). Photo Sharing
Publish/share website product pictures and make them public on websites like Flickr, Picasa, Photo Bucket, Picli, etc. Minimum 150 photo sharing daily from 15 real and active accounts
Working plan: 
Indilens group: 100 photo shares from 10 active accounts 
Readnsurf group: 50 photo shares from 10 active accounts 

8). Video marketing
publish/share  product videos, expert opinions, and reviews of product and make them public in YouTube, Metacafe, Dailymotion, etc. Share minimum 1 video daily in 10 video sharing websites by moderating (little changing title and description) on each and every website for same video.  
Working plan:
Indilens group: 20 videos per month 
Readnsurf group: 10 videos per month 

9). Business Reviews
Write reviews about others businesses in major business review sites like RateitAll, Shvoong, Kaboodle, Stylefeeder, etc. Minimum  1 review daily for the targeted website.
Working plan:
Indilens group: 20 reviews per month
Readnsurf group: 10 reviews per month 

10). Local Listings & Yellow Pages[free classified]
Make website local search engines friendly by submitting local listing to avoid huge competition . Submitting  website to Google Local, Maps, Yahoo Local, Yellow Pages, Superpages, Hotfrog, etc
Working plan:
Indilens group: submission 5 daily 
Readnsurf group: Submission 2 daily 

11). Article marketing (Submission)
Writing unique article  and submit them to popular article sites like Ezine, Go Articles, Now Public, Buzzle, etc.
Working plan:
Indilens group: 20 articles submission per month 
Readnsurf group: 10 articles submission per month

12). Press Release Promotion
PR submission in popular PR websites like 1888pressrelease, Open PR, PR Leap, etc. This will help you to publish site in Google News.
Working plan:
Indilens group: 20 PR submission per month 
Readnsurf group: 10 PR submission per month 

13. Question-Answers submission
Minimum 10 real profiles and participate in Answers by asking and answering relevant questions and placing a link to targeted website in the source section such Yahoo Answers, Cha-Cha, Answer Bag, etc. Minimum 15 question daily from each accounts 
Working plan:
Indilens group: 10 questions(replies) daily 
Readnsurf group: 5 questions (replies daily)

14). Document (PDF files) Sharing
Sharing minimum 1 PDF files to high rank websites with information brochures, and slides in Google Docs, Slide Share, etc. This will help you brand your website. Minimum `1 PDF submission daily. 
Working plan:
Indilens group: 20 PDF submission per month 
Readnsurf group: 10 PDF submission per month 

15) CSS, W3C & RSS Directories Submission
submitting targeted website to CSS and W3C website directories and submitting website to RSS feed directories.
Working plan:
Indilens group:
Readnsurf group:

16). App Development
Developing app with interactive and innovative widget/gadget application and submit to play store and itune store. Minimum 2 mobile apps
Working plan:
Indilens group: 2 apps are created 
Readnsurf group: must submit created apps by paying sums 
.
17. Geo target orientation
Each and every marketing strategy must look after the geo target, such location, age , gender, custom etc.
Working plan:
Indilens group: 15 marketing strategies 
Readnsurf group: 5 marketing strategies 

18. Remove unnatural links.
It is tough job but have to do manually or automatically
Working plan:
Indilens group: Finding unnatural links and report to webmaster(s)
Readnsurf group: Remove all reported unnatural links via webmasters tools or by contacting the concern websites owners. 

19.). Social and PPC Ad Campaign
Go for social ads and PPC ad campaign with targeted keywords
Working plan:
Indilens group: Google adwords and Facebook social ads planning and creation 
Readnsurf group: executed created ad strategies 

20. Observation and monitoring
All the marketing strategies have to monitor manually and do the appropriate correction and future planning. 
Working plan:
Indilens group: Auto monitoring and report submission 
Readnsurf group: Manual monitoring and valuation.  

Note :
  1. Full project charges $1000 per month [negotiable on basis of work distribution]
  2. if take direct part from readnsurf on this project , least 3 persons, must be dedicated and ready to  work for 16 hours daily according with our directions.
  3. Must corporate ON PAGE correction in due time as requires
  4. Unique and regular content update on targeted site [ at least 5 daily]
  5. If you have any question or doubt, contact at marketing@indilens.com 

With Regards
Main Uddin
CEO, Indilens.com 
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20 Evergreen lessons on Make Money Blogging from motivational speaker

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You know everyone thinks we’re fools, right? To most of the world, blogging is a joke. It isn’t a career. It isn’t a way to make money. It isn’t a tool for changing the world. It’s a hobby, a diversion, a fad that’ll come and go. Sure, you can start a blog, but don’t count on it to take you anywhere. That’s just silly.

20 Evergreen lessons on Make Money Blogging from motivational speaker 



Try telling your family or friends or coworkers you want to quit your job and make money blogging. They’ll smile politely and ask, “Does anybody really make money from that?” Yes, they want you to have dreams. Yes, they want you to chase them. Yes, they want you to succeed.

But they also want you to be “realistic.”

If you really want to improve your life, you should get an advanced degree, write a book, or even start your own business, not hang all your hopes and dreams on some stupid little blog. There’s no money in it.

Or is there? I’m hesitant to say this, but…

How Much your blog Earning per month ?

In January and February, we cleared over $100,000 per month in sales. The verdict is still out on March, but if we didn’t make it, we should be close enough.

How?

Well, I’ll tell you. Not because I want to brag (well, maybe a little), but because most of the advice out there about monetizing your blog is complete crap.

For instance, do you see any ads on this site?

No? How about e-books for sale?

None of those either, huh? In fact, you might be hard-pressed to find anything for sale at all.

There’s a reason why.

Over the past six years, I’ve had the good fortune to work with some of the smartest bloggers on the planet. I worked with Brian Clark as he built Copyblogger to a multimillion dollar brand. Neil Patel and Hiten Shah also hired me to help them launch the KISSmetrics blog, and while they’re not big on publishing revenue numbers, they did recently close a $7 million venture capital round.

Combined, I wouldn’t be surprised if both blogs have earned more than $50 million. In comparison, the $100,000 per month I’ve managed to generate is a pittance.

But everyone has to start somewhere, right?

The reason this blog has made so much money so fast is I learned from the best, and then when I left, I kept learning. Every day, I crunch numbers, read books, talk to experts, and spend at least 30 minutes in silence, staring into the distance, doing nothing but thinking.

It’s paid off. If you’ll take some of these lessons to heart, it’ll pay off for you too.

Because here’s the thing:
You’re Not a Fool. You Can Make Money Blogging.

So, you want to make a living teaching other people what you know? Nothing wrong with that.

Professors do it. So do public speakers and best-selling authors.

Hell, consulting is a $415 billion industry, and what are all those consultants doing?

Getting paid to teach. Blogging is no different. It’s just the same old models with some rocket fuel thrown in, courtesy of social media.

In fact, we might as well call that the first lesson:

Lesson #1: You’re Not Just a Blogger

You’re an expert, a teacher, a mentor, maybe even an entrepreneur. Your blog is simply a launchpad for all those things.

Look around, and you’ll find nearly all “bloggers” who make a decent income have books, courses, a side career as a keynote speaker, or even software. That’s how they make money. Their blog is just the “freebie” they give away to attract customers or clients.

Lesson #2: Don’t Sell Advertising

Selling ads is attractive, because it’s passive income, but you can usually make 3-10X more money using the same “ad space” to sell your own products and services or even promote an affiliate product.

Pat Flynn, for example, makes about $50,000 a month in commissions from promoting Bluehost.

Here at BBT, we mostly promote our own products, but we’re also in the process of creating affiliate sales funnels for LeadPages and Stablehost, both of which offer hefty commissions (and are great products too!)

Lesson #3: Build the Funnel in Reverse

We’ve all experienced sales funnels.

A company entices you with a freebie, then they offer you something cheap but irresistible, and then they gradually sweet talk you into buying more and more expensive stuff. It’s a tried and true marketing tactic, and you should absolutely build a sales funnel for your blog.

What you might not know is you should build it in reverse.

A lot of bloggers launch a cheap e-book as their first product, and then they get frustrated when they don’t make much money. Here’s why: the real profit is at the end of the funnel, not the beginning.

Selling e-books is fine and dandy if you have half a dozen more expensive products to offer your customer afterwards, but it’s downright silly if you don’t. You’re much better off creating and selling the expensive product first, and then gradually create cheaper and cheaper products.

When you do have some less expensive products to sell, you can offer those to new people first, safe in the knowledge that you have something more profitable up your sleeve to sell them later.

Here at BBT, our products cost $9,997, $997, and $591. We’re working our way down the funnel in reverse, releasing the most expensive products first and then gradually getting cheaper and cheaper. It’s been much, much more profitable this way.

Lesson #4: There’s No Such Thing As a “Cheap” Market

“But Jon,” I can hear you spluttering. “I can’t sell a $10,000 product! My customers don’t have that much money.”

My response: you’re 98% right. Unless you’re selling exclusively to multimillionaires, the vast majority of your customer base won’t be able to afford premium products, but what’s interesting is it doesn’t matter. Often times, you can make more money selling to the 2% than you can to the entire 98% combined.

For instance, our $10,000 product is a year-long coaching program for writers – a group that’s not exactly known for their wealth, but I always fill all 10 spots within minutes of opening the program. Here’s why: I notify 40,000 writers about it. 2% of 40,000 is 800 people who might possibly buy a product in that price range. By only accepting 10, I’m creating a situation of extreme scarcity.

You can do the same thing, even if your list is much smaller. If you have 100 subscribers, chances are two of them might be willing to buy premium products or services from you, and those two will often pay you more money than the other 98 combined.

Lesson #5: By Charging Premium Prices, You Can Offer Premium Service

Feel guilty about charging that much money? You shouldn’t.

By charging premium prices, you can offer premium service, doing everything possible to help your customers get results. For example, with my coaching program, I get on the phone with students every week, review their homework, answer their questions, look at their blog, and guide them through every step of the process.

Could I put that same information in a $7 e-book? Sure, but I couldn’t give anyone one-on-one help at that price, and that’s what people who buy premium products and services are paying for.

Lesson #6: Deliberately Delay the Sale

Another big shift in thinking: rather than trying to push everyone to buy your products upfront, smart bloggers delay the sale.

I first heard this idea from Rand Fishkin over at Moz. They offer their blog readers a free trial to their Analytics and SEO software, but after studying the behavior of their customers, they noticed something interesting: people who read several blog posts before signing up for a free trial stayed customers for two or three times longer than people who didn’t.

I’ve noticed the same thing with our customers. Instead of immediately clobbering readers with sales pitches, it’s much better to give them some content first and build trust before you begin talking about your products and services. Yes, you’ll make less money in the short term, but the long-term profits go through the roof.

Lesson #7: You Are the Bottleneck

Without a doubt, time is our biggest problem as bloggers. Not only are we expected to publish a continuous stream of content on our blogs, but we also have to deal with technical issues, read books and articles about our field, create new products to sell, answer questions from readers… the list goes on and on. The further into it you go, the more clear it becomes that you can’t do everything.

So, what’s the answer?

Believe it or not, I found answers from studying manufacturing processes. If one machine is working slower than others in a plant, it can literally cost the company tens of thousands of dollars per hour. To make sure it never happens, smart plant managers are willing to spend any amount of money to eliminate bottlenecks. They have an unlimited budget, because the cost of eliminating the bottleneck never comes anywhere close to the cost of the bottleneck itself.

The same is true for us, except the solutions are often different. Instead of buying a new machine, for example, we might purchase a new type of software that automates some of our business, or we might hire a virtual assistant or programmer. It can be expensive, yes, but it’s worthwhile if it saves you enough time, because then you can dedicate that time to higher value activities.

Lesson #8: Measure The Value of Everything You Do

What are those higher value activities, exactly?

Well, it depends on your goal. If your goal is to increase traffic, for example, start measuring the visitors per hour invested. Let’s say you invest three hours in writing a post, and it brings you 100 visitors, and you invest five hours in writing a guest post that brings you 500 visitors. The first activity has an hourly rate of 33 visitors per hour. The second activity has an hourly rate of 100 visitors per hour. Guest posting, therefore, is a better use of your time than writing content on your own blog.

Granted, it’s a short-term perspective, not taking into account long-term gains, but it’s still extremely useful to start measuring your time this way. Not just for traffic, but also for subscriber growth and revenue.

Lesson #9: In the Beginning, Creating Content for Your Own Blog Is Silly

I tried to sneak this one under lesson #8, but I think it’s important enough to get its own number, even if it does get me labeled a heretic and burned at the stake. Because here’s the deal:

In the beginning, your blog is like an empty classroom. Standing in front and giving a lecture is silly, because sure, it might make you feel important, but there’s nobody listening. You’re all alone, and you can come up with the smartest, most entertaining lecture in the history of mankind, but it won’t matter, because no one else heard it.

When you first start out, writing content for your own blog is one of the least efficient ways of building your audience. You’re far better off serving a little time as a “guest lecturer” first. In other words, write guest posts for someone else’s audience, impress the hell out of them, and siphon off a portion of their readership for your own.

That’s what we did here at BBT, and it resulted in the most successful blog launch in history: 13,000 email subscribers in 60 days, before I even wrote a single blog post. We had nothing but a coming soon page and an invitation to join our email list. Sounds strange, but I can promise you it’s vastly more efficient.

You don’t have to wait until you get to 13,000 subscribers to start, but I’d advise accumulating at least a few hundred. That way, you have an audience to share your content when you start publishing posts.

Lesson #10: Don’t Waste Time on Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc.

Here’s another shocker: you know your dream of building up a huge following on Facebook or Twitter and then using it to promote your blog? Well, it’s a dumb idea. Out of everything we’ve tested, building our own social media accounts produced the lowest visitor per hour figure. In other words, it’s quite possibly the worst way you can spend your time.

Does that mean having followers in those places is useless?

No. Facebook is nice because you can advertise to your followers. Google+ can help boost your search engine rankings. Even with those benefits though, it shouldn’t be near the top of your list for things to do. In my opinion, you shouldn’t think about them at all until you hit 10,000 subscribers, and then outsource the management of them to someone else. You can use your time more efficiently in other places, such as:

Lesson #11: Webinars Kick Butt

If you’ve been on our list for long, you know that we do a lot of webinars. Here’s why: on average, each webinar generates $40,000 per hour invested. It’s by far the most profitable thing I do. Nothing else even comes close. If you’re wondering how on earth we make that much money, all you have to do is attend one of our webinars to find out. Everything we do is on display, and you can study it, free of charge.

Interestingly, webinars are also the most effective way to build our subscriber base. When doing webinars for other people, we average 500 new email subscribers per hour invested. It’s not uncommon to gain 1,000-2,000 email subscribers from a single webinar. If we’re promoting a product, we usually make at least $10,000 too.

Translation: webinars kick butt.

Lesson #12: Longer Content Gets More Traffic

You know what else works? Long content.

It might seem strange, but on average, longer content gets much more traffic than shorter content. Not just for us, but for our students too, regardless of the niche, and here’s a post where SEO expert Neil Patel came to the same conclusion. The sweet spot seems to be about 2,000–3,000 words per post. That’s why posts here on BBT are much longer than your average blog.

Granted, content of that length also takes longer to produce, but if you measure the visitors per hour invested, longer content still wins by a mile. Assuming you’re promoting it, of course.

Lesson #13: Promote The Crap Out of Your Content

The problem is almost no one promotes their content enough. And by “promotion,” I’m not talking about sharing your own posts on Twitter and Facebook. I’m talking aboutblogger outreach – the process of building relationships with influencers and asking them to share your work.

At a minimum, you should spend just as much time on outreach as you do creating your own content. So, if you’re spending 10 hours a week writing blog posts, you should be spending 10 hours a week on outreach too.

Can’t do that? Then scale back how much content you’re creating. Spend five hours on writing blog posts and five hours on outreach. You’ll get better results.

Lesson #14: Ignore SEO for the First Year

Let’s get one thing straight: I’m not against SEO. Far from it. We now get tons of traffic from Google. I just think most bloggers focus on it way too early.

Again, it all comes down to time. When your blog is new, the most efficient uses of your time fall into three broad categories: building relationships with influencers (including guest blogging), creating content worth linking to, and selling your products and services. If you do those three things well, not only will your blog gain traffic and prominence, but you’ll also start getting search traffic without doing anything.

And then you can focus on other things that matter more, such as…

Lesson #15: Your Email List Is More Important Than Anything Else

In analytics, there is a principle called “the one metric that matters” (OMTM). The idea is that you find a single number that accurately predicts the success or failure of your project.

In the case of blogging, that number is the size of your email list. (Not RSS, mind you – it’s dying a slow but certain death.) In my experience, your email list is the most accurate predictor of how much money you’ll make.

Here at BBT, we make about three dollars per subscriber per month – an impressive feat, due mostly to our skill with marketing. The number isn’t important, though. The point is that I can accurately predict our sales based on the number of subscribers. So can you.

If you’re new to this, I would strive for one dollar per subscriber per month in sales. In other words, an email list of 1,000 subscribers should result in at least $1,000 per month in sales, 10,000 subscribers would result in $10,000 per month in sales, and so on.

The more subscribers you get, the more money you make. Granted, your relationship with your subscribers and the quality of your products or services and dozens of other factors still matter, but to drive revenue, focus on email list growth. To make money blogging, it’s absolutely essential.

Lesson #16: Start Selling from Day One

How long should you wait before you begin selling? 1,000 subscribers? 10,000 subscribers? More?

Nope. Start selling from day one. Here’s why:

One of the biggest factors affecting the speed of your growth is who you can hire to help you. Because you’re the bottleneck, remember? So you want to hire a virtual assistant and someone to handle all of the technical details as soon as you possibly can, but of course, that requires money. Hence the need to start selling immediately.

Now, a caveat: don’t turn your blog into a gigantic sales pitch. Nobody likes that. You should, however, be offering something your audience wants and needs. Don’t push them on it, but do make it available, and do remind them from time to time that they can purchase it.

Lesson #17: Your Product Ideas Suck

You probably have all kinds of ideas for things you can sell, right? E-books, courses, maybe an iPhone app? Or a service?

Well, here’s the bad news:

More than likely, your ideas for products suck. The good news is you’re not alone in this position. Everyone’s ideas for products suck, including mine. Here’s why:

We all tend to create products we can see people need, but they’re not aware of it yet. We think if we show them the magnitude of their problem we can convince them to buy our product or service to solve it.

If you’re Steve Jobs, you can do that, but I have more bad news for you: you’re not Steve Jobs. You’re a beginning marketer, and as a beginner, you should only be selling products that solve problems your customer already knows they have. If you have to convince them the problem exists, you’ve already lost the battle.

Lesson #18: Surveys Are Dangerous

So, how do you find what problems exist in the mind of your customer? Traditionally, the answer is a survey, but I’ll warn you: surveys are dangerous. Ask the wrong question, and you’ll get an extremely misleading answer. Use that answer to guide your venture, and you can waste years of your life, not to mention possibly going bankrupt.

If you’re a beginner, I recommend asking one and only one question: “what’s your biggest frustration with <topic> right now?” So, in my case, it would be “what’s your biggest frustration with blogging right now?” That’s it. Nothing more. Look for patterns in the answers you receive, and you’ll learn a ton about what products or services you need to create.

Lesson #19: Start with Services, Then Expand into Products

Once you find a common problem, start offering a service where you solve the problem for your audience. The reason is simple: you can start offering the service immediately. You don’t have to create a product first. You’ll also learn more about the problem as you attempt to solve it yourself.

When I started, for example, I worked as a blog traffic specialist. I was contracted with a few different advertising agencies, and every time they wanted to increase the traffic for a client’s blog, they called me. I didn’t just advise them. I did the work myself, redesigning the site, creating the content, everything.

It taught me a ton about what worked and what didn’t. It was also immediate revenue. The first month I offered my services, I made something like $5,000.

After working for more than a year as a traffic specialist, I felt I really understood the problem and how to solve it, so I created my first product: a course located atguestblogging.com. The first month, it generated something like $30,000 in sales, and now it brings in more than $250,000 per year.

It’s a wonderful product, but here’s the thing: I don’t think I could’ve created it if I hadn’t worked as a service provider first. I wouldn’t have had the knowledge or the money. Keep that in mind when you’re deciding what to offer first.

Lesson #20: Teach Others What You Learned

Now, we come to the reason for this post.

Why on earth would the CEO of the company (me) work for hours to write a post like this, sharing all our secrets? It’s closing in on 4,000 words, for God sakes!

Simple:

It’s my responsibility. If people are ever going to respect blogging as a legitimate business model, those of us who are successful have to speak up and share what we’ve learned. None of us works in a vacuum. The only way we can advance our field as a whole is to collectively share what we’ve learned.

And it is a field. There are thousands of people around the world making a living from blogging. The problem is, there’s not a repository, a central community where we can all talk and learn from each other. Over the next few months, that’s something we’re going to change.

In the meantime, could you do me a favor?

Share this post. Not just so it’ll get me traffic, but so other people can see that you really can earn a legitimate income from blogging. Maybe reading this will even help them do it.

After all, isn’t that what we’re here to do? Help people?

In the end, that’s what I love most about blogging: every article we publish, every course we create, every coaching call we do can change somebody’s life. Maybe not always in a big way, but we touch thousands upon thousands of people, and we make their lives just a little bit better. We inform them, we inspire them, we give them the roadmap for achieving their dreams.

And the best part? We get paid for it. It’s our job. I just wish more people knew it was a viable career. Let’s change that, shall we?

Guest Author:

Jon Morrow is the founder and CEO of Boost Blog Traffic, Inc with 10 years of successful marketing experience. 

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